|
|
Analysis breeding of milk cattle on the chosen biofarme
Plášková, Pavlína ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Ducháček, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluace the conditions of dairy cattle breeding in ecological agriculture and to compare them with concrete values taken from the chosen ecological farm Bílčice, which has been part of ecological agriculture since 2011 and which is focused on czech fleckvieh breeding and bio milk production. The first part deals with dairy cattle breed characteristic, main objectives and ecological agriculture principals, welfare problems, breed cattle and utility control, housing technology, nutrition and feeding, mechanical milking technology, milk production, reproduction, health condition and breeding economy. The practical part contains the rating of milk yield index (milk production, % proteins, % fat) and reproduction index ( meantime, perioda service, insemination index and after first parturition percentage). 650 pieces of cos were stabled at farm, from that 200 pices of dairy cos were mostly czech fleckvieh. Monitoring was made in 2013. Dayily milk production was around 2 750 kg. The milk utility for lactacion was in 2013 6 100 kg of milk, 3,89 % fat and 3,34 % proteins. The dairy cos were free stabled with high bedding, They were mechanically milked twice a day in herringbone parlours. Milk is being delivered once in twodays to Olma dairy. Cows are regularly driven out to pasture in summer feeding period. They are extra fed with 10 kg of clover silage and 6 kg of scarp (barely, wheat, triticale). Cows stays in stables for winter time. The ration consists of 45 kg of clover silage, 6 kg of scarp, 2 kg of lupine and 1 kg of corn in first time of lactacion. The cow utility in transitional form of economy at farm Bilcice was 7 477 kg of milk in 2010, a value in the Czech Republic was 7 726 kg of milk. After entering the ecological agriculture in 2013 milk yield at the farm decreased on 6 100 kg of milk and the average value in the Czech Republic increased to 8 370 kg of milk. The cow utility in transitional form was 4,03 % fat in 2010 and 3,89 % in 2013 (ecological agriculture). A diference between 2010 and 2013 is 0,14 %. Proteins were 3,39 % in 2010 and 3,34 % in 2013. There was average value for every reproduction index. The service period was 96 days and the meantime was 400 days, the insemination index was 1,8 and the after first parturition percentage was 54,2 %.
|
|
|
Performance recording in Charolais beef herd
Jelínek, Petr ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Summary
In this thesis I dealt with verification of performance of beef cattle Charolais Breed on farm: Chov Charolais spol. s r. o. Slabce. The main objective of my diploma work was to assess the growth abilities of calves Charolais breed from birth till weaning in relation to various factors, for instance: gender, order of calving, number of born calves during one calving, month and year of the birth on the respective farm. The relevant data was assessed for the period of years 2012 - 2015. In this period there was born 324 calves of which 162 bulls, 153 heifers and 9 still born calves. The assessment of calf's growth characteristics was related to the average birthweight, average gain from birth to 120 days, and average weight at the age of 120 and 210 days. For the evaluation of calf's growth characteristics was used data gained from the database of performance testing of beef cattle (KUMP) for the given period. Growth parameters related to selected factors were processed with the use of statistical software SAS 9.3 (SAS 9.3, 2011).
The average weight of young bulls at birth was 33,58 kg and average weight of heifers was 32,99 kg. The average weight of bulls at the age of 120 days was 183,66 kg and the average weight of heifers was 175,58 kg which was demonstrated to be statistically significant (P < 0,01). The average weight of bulls at the age of 210 days was 288,28 kg which is again higher than heifers with average weight of 264,21 kg (P < 0,05). To summarize, there was identified statistically significant difference of the gender influence in behalf of bulls.
After comparison of average weight at birth, at the age of 120 and 210 days separately for twins and an only child, there is obvious and also statistically significant finding (P < 0,01) that the observed twins are usually smaller at birth and their growth abilities are worse than that of only child. The average weight at birth for an only child is about 4,48 kg higher compared to twins. Then the average weight at the age of 120 days for an only child is about 38,68 kg higher than average weight of twings. Finally the average weight at the age of 210 days is about 58,26 kg higher for an only child.
Regarding to the influence of order of calving there was identified no significant effect to both average birth weight and weight at the age of 210 days. The only statistical significance was identified between order of calving and the average weight at the age of 120 days in 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving (P < 0,05). Further I found out that calves in the 1st order of calving have significantly lower average weight from the 1st calving mothers at the age of 120 days than the calves in the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving. The average weight of calves at the age of 120 days is about 9,29 kg lower than weight of calves in the 2nd order of calving. On the other hand the average weight of calves at the age of 120 days in the 5th order of calving is about 18,37 kg higher than weight of calves in the 1st order of calving. Similarly, calves in the 7th order of calving have about 13,63 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers. And also calves at the age of 120 days in the 10th order of calving have about 15,78 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers.
In respect of influence of year of birth was identified statistically significant different level (P < 0,01) of the average birthweight in year 2013 compared to other years. Similarly there was demonstrated the statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) regarding to the average gain from birth in year 2013 compared to other years. The average birthweight in 2013 was 34,91 kg. The lowest average birthweight of 31,65 kg was observed in 2015. And for instance in 2012 the average birthweight was 32,48 kg which is still about 2,43 kg lower than in 2013. Regarding the evaluation of the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days there was only reported value of 1046,78 g in 2013. The best year regarding the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days was year 2014 which represented value of 1214,37 g.
In the observed breed there took place births predominantly from January till June. Regarding the month of birth there was demonstrated statistically significant difference (P < 0,05) in respect of average birthweight of calves born in May 31,98 kg compared calves born in February 32,55 kg and in March 33,07 kg. Further was identified statistically significant difference regarding the average gain from birth for calves born in June 995,28 g compared to calves born in February 1197,87 g (P < 0,01). Similarly in March was reported value of 1181,18 g (P < 0,05). The last statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) was identified in respect of average weight at the age of 210 days of calves born in May 199,55 kg and in June 201 kg in comparison to calves born in January 282,05 kg, in February 284,65 kg, in March 277,21 kg and in April 277,76 kg. To conclude, based on the statistical analysis, conclusive results and literary sources there had been confirmed hypothesis that internal factors positively affect the growth abilities of calves.
|
|
|
The economic evaluation of beef cattle breeding
Říhová, Monika ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The objective of this dissertation is the evaluation of economic indicators of beef cattle farming on a specific family farm in the time period from 2013 to 2015 in Bukovina u Čisté village, Semily District. The family focuses on a crop and livestock production. The farming takes place on 110 hectares of land, the fertile ground makes 54 ha. The livestock production concentrates on breeding cows without any milk production and the bulls fattening. The amount of cows was 23 pieces to 27 pieces in the period from 2013 to 2015. Because of the crossbreeding the cows following breeds are represented: Czech Pied cattle (20 %), Limousin (72 %) and Charolais (8 %). In the bulls fattening area were more breeds represented caused by the purchased bulls. Breeds represented: Limousin (32 %), Czech Pied cattle (42 %), Blonde d Aquitaine (1 %), Aberdeen Angus (23 %) and Holstein cattle (3 %).
The processing and evaluation of economic results was prevented by factors affecting the economics of farming. In the reproduction part are the factors - the calving interval, the age structure of the cows and the scatter of births during the year. The bulls fattening part contains the research of the bulls breeds representation, age structure and carcass weight. The economic indicators consist of the evaluation of the costs, revenues, profit and the level of profitability. The breeding was evaluated in the conclusion of this dissertation and the suggestions for improvement was recommended.
The calving interval of the cows in 2013 lasted on average of 408 days, in 2014 decreased by 9 % to 373 days, and in 2015 decreased by further 9 % up to 337 days. Heifers reached 3 years of age at birthing. The oldest cows were 11 years old. The biggest group of cows was at the age of 7 years with a 27 % share. The Breeders preference is the calving during the winter to spring time period. In 2013 the birthing period lasted from February to July, in 2014 from March, except June and August, until October and in 2015 from February to August. For the entire period was 76 % of births in the barn and 24 % of births on pasture. In the entire period 76 % of births happened in the barn and 24 % of births on pasture.
The bulls fattening contained 42 % of own breeding and the next part consist of purchased bulls. The largest group of bulls are Czech Pied cattle constituting of 42 %. Limousin Bulls breeds and Aberdeen Angus breeds created 21 % and 79 % out of that are owned by the breeder. The best average of hot carcass weight (HCW) was 399kg at Aberdeen Angus breed. The value of the carcass at Limousin bulls was 8 % lower and the bulls of the Czech Pied cattle was more than 20 % lower. The slaughter bulls were sold at an average age of 23 months and HCW 344 kg in 2013, in 2014 at the average age of 24 months and HCW 379 kg, in 2015 at the average age of 22 months and HCW 330 kg. The highest variability was recorded in the year 2015 with a value of 34,63 % and the lowest in 2013 with 8,80 %.
During the time period the highest cost entry has not changed. Just the share was different. The feed entry share was at 61,7 % in 2013, at 68,89 % in 2014 and at 52,30 % in 2015. 95,7 % of the total cost was assigned to the own feeding. The expenses in 2013 were 912 919 CZK, in 2014 dropped to 845 368 CZK and in 2015 increased to 1 213 190 CZK. The cost of one feeding day per cattle in 2013 was 28,10 CZK, in 2014 decreased to 26,02 CZK and in 2015 increased to 37,35 CZK.
The revenues were affected by the sale of cattle for slaughter. In 2013 was sold 21 pieces of cattle for a total amount of 545 040 CZK, in 2014 was sold 32 pieces of bulls in the total value of 977 643 CZK and in 2015 36 pieces of bulls in the total amount of 867 885,60 CZK. The sales of slaughter units in the total amount of revenue in 2013 did the share of 68,61 %, in 2014 increased to 72,25 % and in 2015 decreased to 59,20 %. In 2015 was the receipt share from slaughter bulls of 30 % based on the sale of alive bulls to Austria. Total revenues in 2013 were 823 517 CZK, in 2014 increased by 39 % to 1 353 080 CZK and in 2015 increased by 7 % to 1 466 062 CZK.
The Profit was calculated in 2013 as a loss in the value of 89 402 CZK. In the subsequent years there was a profit. In 2014 profit in the amount of 507 712 CZK and in 2015 the profit decreased to 252 872 CZK. The profit ratio in 2013 amounted to a negative value - 10 %, in 2014 increased to 60 % and in 2015 dropped to 21 %.
|
guest ::
